For the first time, researchers from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) have developed a high-performance single-photon source that exceeds the critical efficiency threshold required for scalable linear optical quantum computing. The study, led by Professors Pan Jianwei, Lu Chaoyang, and Hu Yongheng, was published in Nature Photonics on February 28.
Photons, known for their speed and resilience against environmental disturbances, are essential for quantum information processing. However, the path toward practical optical quantum computing has been hindered by the challenge of photon loss. A particularly demanding requirement has been the efficiency threshold: a single-photon source must achieve greater than 2/3 efficiency to compensate for losses in scalable quantum systems. Until now, this benchmark had not been surpassed.
To address this challenge, the USTC teams designed a tunable open optical microcavity system that allows for highly precise coupling between quantum dots and microcavities, both in spatial alignment and resonance frequency. Unlike fixed microcavities, this new design eliminates detuning issues and enhances photon emission control.
The researchers also implemented customized laser pulse excitation on a high-efficiency single quantum dot, further boosting the performance of the photon source.
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As a result, the system achieved outstanding metrics: a single-photon purity exceeding 98.0%, photon indistinguishability above 98.5%, and an overall system efficiency of 71.2%. The photon extraction efficiency reached 80.6%, enabling the team to finally cross the longstanding 2/3 efficiency barrier.
Building on this advancement, the team reported intensity squeezing of 1.89(14) dB and successfully observed 40-photon events with a count rate of 1.67 mHz—both milestones in photonic quantum experimentation.
This achievement represents a major leap toward realizing practical quantum computing using photons. With this new single-photon source, the researchers have demonstrated a solution that meets the stringent loss-tolerance demands of optical quantum computing, bringing the field one step closer to scalable, fault-tolerant quantum technologies.
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